FOUS30 KWBC 250747
QPFERD

Excessive Rainfall Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
347 AM EDT Wed Jun 25 2025

Day 1
Valid 12Z Wed Jun 25 2025 - 12Z Thu Jun 26 2025

...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER PORTIONS OF
NEW MEXICO, CENTRAL PLAINS AND MIDWEST...

...New Mexico...

Despite a bit less areal coverage anticipated for convection 
across New Mexico for Wednesday, scattered thunderstorms will still
cause problems after daytime initiation as ample heating during 
the prime destabilization window (16-21z) will yield another threat
of heavy rainfall across the terrain and adjacent valleys across 
NM. Main jet to the north will lift out of the area allowing for
less of a large scale ascent pattern that could maximize any
convective pattern over the region. Remnant elevated moisture
(PWATs) running between 1-2 standard deviations above normal on 
the western flank of our ridge will still be located across the
state leaving an environment capable of heavy rainfall in any
convective cores that develop. Impacts the previous period were
felt over a large portion of the state leading to generally lower
FFG's bisecting much of the area expected to see a chance for
convection today. Latest HREF neighborhood probs for >3" are
running pretty high (50-70%) across places like El Paso and points
north within part of the Sacramento's, an area we have highlighted
the past several days. Modest probs (20-40%) for >3" extend all 
the way up into the Sangre de Cristos with some smaller relative
mins mixed into the areal coverage. This is more a testament to the
valley/terrain components littered over the state, so not all areas
will see impactful rainfall with this convective evolution. 

The signal is sufficient enough to warrant a broad SLGT risk
within the state extending down through far West TX given the
current CAMs interpretation of scattered heavy convection likely to
impact portions of El Paso and Hudspeth counties through part of
the period. Some strong cells could even develop across the NM
Caprock as inferred by a few hi-res deterministic, likely due to
the favorable instability tongue positioned over the eastern side
of the state behind a vacating surface trough. High end SLGT risk
is favored for areas across Southern NM up through Central portion
of the state with the favored areas likely including the
Sacramento's, Sangre de Cristos, and areas within and surrounding El Paso.

...Central Plains to Midwest...

Convective pattern across the Plains and Midwest at the end of the
D1 will translate northward into the Upper Mississippi Valley with
organized convection over NE/IA and SD/MN converging along the
propagating warm front leading to a swath of heavy rainfall across
much of the Southern 1/3rd of MN into Western WI. Beginning to see
the CAMs come into better agreement on the anticipated convective
evolution with a dual QPF maxima most likely situated over the area
between Aberdeen, SD to Minneapolis with a consensus on the
heaviest precip along and south of I-94 in MN with a bullseye
generally overhead or very close to Minneapolis proper. The second
maxima is positioned across Northeast NE into Northern IA to the
southern reaches of the MN border where a multi-round convective
impact forecast is being depicted in guidance as the initial round
in the morning will give way to a short break before redevelopment
occurs back along the frontal positioning bisecting the area. A
strong IVT pulse currently aligned from KS up through Eastern NE
has helped push PWATs closer to the 99th percentile around Omaha
this evening with the 00z RAOB out of KOAX depicting a PWAT of
1.94", putting this just below the daily climatological max for the
day (25/00z) and well above the 90th percentile for not just the
period, but even for the sites general historical record. This same
airmass is what's progged to advect northeast into MN and Western
WI by the time we reach tomorrow afternoon, a signal that would
prime any convective impacts to likely provide some prolific heavy
rain cores in stronger cells impacting the region. With the proxy
of the front and the environment in place, there's ample evidence
that some areas across the Midwest will see between 3-6" with the
5-6" range within reason as inferred by modest >5" neighborhood 
probs (20-35%) in the latest HREF output. This same signal is 
situated over the two defined maxima in guidance with the >3"
signal between 50-80% for both areas.

Considering all of the above factors and relatively good agreement
within the 00z guidance this evening, the previous SLGT risk was
maintained and leans towards a higher end risk with some prospects
of a targeted upgrade in any of those outlined forecast maxima by
the next update. Widespread significant impacts are not
anticipated at this time, but locally considerable flash flooding
is plausible in the setup. SLGT risk extends into the Western Great
Lakes on the eastern flank and down into Southern NE on the
southwest flank of the risk with potentially for widely scattered
flash flood prospects as convection impacts both areas during the period.

...Mid Atlantic...

The northern fringe of our powerful ridge centered over the Ohio
Valley and Mid Atlantic will begin breaking down through the course
of Wednesday with an increase in PWATs likely to advect over the
area as moisture finally, "rounds the bend" over the Great Lakes
and pushes into the Northeast CONUS. Mean flow will shift more
northwesterly by the time we reach the afternoon hrs with a
significantly buoyant environment in place and generally less
capping as our ridge weakens. A few small mid-level perturbations
analyzed over the Great Lakes currently will sweep southeastward
into PA by morning and eventually cross over the region by peak
diurnal maximum. The combination of a very buoyant environment 
with focused ascent will lead to scattered thunderstorm development
across much of PA, Northern WV, and into the Central Mid Atlantic 
domain with sights on Southern NJ/MD/Northern VA. MUCAPE between 
2500-4000 J/kg across the Central Mid Atlantic and a maxima near 
5000 J/kg out in the Central Appalachians will be plentiful to help
boost convective magnitude as cells develop and mature on their 
way to the southeast. Cell motion will thankfully be somewhat 
progressive leading to a low prospect for training. However, PWATs 
running ~2 deviations above normal (1.8-2.1" across much of the 
region will certainly benefit heavy rain prospects with hourly 
rates likely to settle between 1-2"/hr in any given location with 
some stronger cores possibly hitting upwards of 2-3"/hr on average 
with higher intra-hour rates. A MRGL risk remains in effect for 
much of the Mid Atlantic with the northern periphery of the risk 
area as far north as NY state with the southern edge down into Central VA.

...Southeast...

A migrating TUTT cell off the coast of FL will continue to
propagate westward and provide favorable ascent within the proxy of
the Southeastern CONUS. Unstable airmass and large scale ascent
will aid in scattered thunderstorms developing all across the South
with the highest threat of heavy rainfall centered over Southern NC
down through Central SC into Southern GA where instability (>3000
J/kg of SBCAPE) is forecast to be highest. Heavy rainfall of
2-3"/hr is anticipated in some of the stronger convective cores
leading to isolated flash flood prospects in any urbanized
settings. Given the more focused ascent pattern provided by the
advancing TUTT, the threat sneaks into the lower end of the MRGL
risk threshold, so a broad MRGL was positioned over much of the
Southeast to cover the threat.

Kleebauer


Day 2
Valid 12Z Thu Jun 26 2025 - 12Z Fri Jun 27 2025

...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER PORTIONS OF
THE CENTRAL PLAINS, MIDWEST AND NORTHERN GREAT LAKES...

...Central Plains into Great Lakes...

The final shortwave in the progression bleeding over from the
previous D1 time frame will continue pushing northeast before 
finally vacating the Upper Midwest later on Thursday. Heavy rain 
threat will continue over parts of MN and WI before eventually 
impacting the Western U.P. of Michigan before its departure. 
Instability across the region will be significantly lower than 
previous days with the warm front becoming stationary prior to 
reaching the southern shores of Lake Superior. The threat for flash
flooding is most notably in the first 6-12 hr window of the 
forecast with a sharp decline in the threat afterwards as the 
pattern shifts with the ridge expected to be breaking down. 1-2" 
with locally higher amounts (upwards of 4" will allow for flash 
flooding in any area from IA up through MN/WI, especially in places
where significant rainfall has occurred in prior periods. A 
secondary maxima is forecast across portions of the Central Plains 
down around KS/Northwest MO as a surface low over the Northern 
Plains migrates eastward and drags a cold front across the Plains 
and adjacent Midwestern areas. Guidance has been keying on a 
secondary QPF maxima located within that corridor as thunderstorms 
form along a defined instability axis with mid-level ascent 
availability from a trailing shortwave over the region and some 
marginal convergence ahead of the cold front to the north and 
northwest. Locally 2-4" are possible in this region, an area that 
has had the benefit of multiple heavy rain instances the past 
48hrs. A broad SLGT risk remains in place over the Northern Great 
Lakes and Upper Midwest, now extending back into parts of the 
Central Plains to cover for the additional threat trailing the 
surface reflection. 

...New Mexico...

Isolated to scattered thunderstorms across the Sacramento's and
adjacent desert will maintain at least some threat for flash
flooding given wet antecedent conditions following previous multi-
day convective impact in prior periods. Coverage and intensity of
convection will be less than previous days as we lose the benefit
of the RER jet dynamics that have assisted in the recent days.
Still, remnant elevated moisture and sufficient buoyancy within 
the confines of far West TX up through Southern and Eastern NM will
maintain a posture of diurnally driven thunderstorms with locally 
heavy rainfall across the above areas. Heaviest thunderstorms will 
be capable of 1-2" with the peak QPF max probably closer to 3" as 
noted by modest HREF neighborhood probabilities for >3" with a 
decline to 0% for >5". The previous MRGL risk was maintained and 
expanded to encompass areas that will be at highest risk for flash 
flooding due to the antecedent conditions and potential 
thunderstorm activity. 

...Mid Atlantic...

Disturbance rounding the northern periphery of our massive ridge
will ultimately slide down through the Mid Atlantic during the
mid to late-afternoon hrs. on Thursday. The combination of strong
diurnal destabilization during the daytime and prominent moisture
lingering over the area will create a very buoyant environment
capable of strong thunderstorm genesis anywhere from NY state down
through the Central Mid Atlantic including; MD/PA/DE/Northern WV
and VA. The key to this setup compared to the D1 period will be a
targeted focus within the confines of cold front pressing southward
out of the Northern Mid Atlantic Thursday afternoon and evening.
High pressure over Northern New England into Quebec will act as a
forcing mechanism to propel the front with a wedged signature
occurring east of the Appalachian front. Concern is for
thunderstorm genesis along the boundary, but a setup conducive for
eventual back-building along the front as it migrates into Northern
VA and will hit a wall in its progression. Guidance has increased
area maximum within the QPF output with some local spots seeing
2-4" over portions of the Central Mid Atlantic, mainly south of the 
PA Turnpike down into the Northern Shenandoah and points east, 
including the DC/Balt metro. These heavier returns will be more 
isolated in coverage, but could still provide locally significant 
impacts if over the wrong area. For now, have maintained the MRGL 
risk, but a targeted SLGT risk could be added over parts of the 
region if the signal becomes more concrete on where the heaviest 
precip will align. 

...Southeast...

Scattered to widely scattered thunderstorms over much of the
Southeastern CONUS will yield some heavy rainfall prospects during
the day Thursday with a decay in coverage once we lose diurnal
heating. The main areas of interest will lie along the terrain
in the Southern Appalachians and along the Gulf coast where the
remnants of a migrating TUTT cell will maintain a focal point for
heavy convective prospects during the period. Best threat for any
flash flooding will be tied to the complex topography and urban
settings where runoff capabilities are highest. Relatively modest 
HREF probs for >3" (20-35%) during the 12-00z time frame on D2 are
littered over the Southeast leading to a broad MRGL risk to cover
for all the local threats. The risk lies within the lower end of
the threshold and some adjustments are possible pending CAMs conjecture.

Kleebauer
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